Thomas Jefferson Essays -- essays research papers

Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 on his family’s plantation in Shadwell, Virginia. The third of six children his parents raised him modestly and his father schooled him to be a gentleman. The young Jefferson suffered an emotional shock, when at the age of 14 his father Peter Jefferson died. The young Jefferson was the first male of the family and so he received the bulk of his father’s assets, leaving him with a sizable fortune. He received his early education along with his sisters and cousins near the family farm, and later was sent away to be tutored by a professional teacher in foreign languages and more advanced sciences and math. Beginning in 1760 Jefferson began attending the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. While there he began studying such enlightenment thinkers as Sir Francis Bacon, Sir Isaac Newton, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke. His admiration for these men became even greater as he began to make his way in life. Once he finished his college education Jefferson decided he wanted to pursue a career in law. To achieve this he began studying for the bar exam under a practicing lawyer George Wythe. After completeing his studies he began establishing a law practice out of his home in Shadwell. Then in 1768 he was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses where from the very start he made his presence known. If first proposal to the body was to establish procedures for the emancipation of slaves, an idea quickly shot down. He remained a member of the house until its dissolution in 1774 by the colony’s British Governor Dunmore. The same year plans were made to hold a continental congress of all the colonies. In preperation for this meeting Jefferson wrote an essay called A Summary of the Rights of British Americans, in which he voiced his thoughts on the rights of men. Due to illness he was unable to attend this meeting, but its widespread publishing lead to his nomination to the second Continental congress. During the 1776 meeting of the second Continental Congress Jefferson wrote one of the most famous documents in American history, the Declaration of Independence. This document would become the basis for the writing of the Articles of Conferderation and eventually the United States Constitution. Another document written by Jefferson that would become an integral part of the federal Constitution would be ... ...umed the office of vice-president. Jefferson’s first act as president was to tell Secretary of State James Madison to withhold the midnight appointment of William Marbury to the office of Justice of the Peace of the District of Columbia. Marbury sued for the appointment President Adams had given him and Chief Justice John Marshall ruled in his favor. The case Marbury vs. Madison set the precedent of the courts right to judicial review of the other branches of government. Jefferson went against his belief in strict Constitutional interpretation several times during office as president, the first time was when he authorized the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Though the power to purchase the land was not given to him as president in the Constitution he went ahead with it because he felt that it was in the best interest of the nation. He went against his beliefs two other times when he went along with the 1804 impeachments of Federal district judge John Pickering and Supreme court judge Samuel Chase. The constitution states that â€Å"treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors† must be committed to warrant this, but both men were impeached by the Senate due to erratic behavior.

Zuma Project

For Part B of the MS Project Assignment, complete the Zuma Project – Parts 3, 4, 5 and 6 described at the end of your textbook (pp. 630-634). Answer the questions, following the directions below, and submit your MS Project files in the dropbox. Use the following coding for your filenames – start with your initials, such as XYEM660ZumaP3. mpp. Submit answers to the questions as an MS Word file, with a file name starting with your initials, such as XYEM660ZumaPB. doc. Also save your work to disk as a backup record.Note: Additional tutorials with video files on how to work with MS Project are given in the Student CD that came with your textbook and are also on the publisher’s website. Worth watching! Part 3 (20 pts. ) 3. 0 Top management is not happy with the resource-constrained schedule generated at the end of Part 2. Robin Lane, the president, has promised retailers that production of the new scooters would start on February 1, 2009. Answer the questions below in a word file document with a name starting with your initials, such as XYEM660ZumaPB. doc: 3. 0. 1. Q#1) What options are available to meet this new deadline if the project is not resource constrained? (1 pt. ) If the project is not resource constrained, then the finish date of the project will be 12/22/2008, Since the project duration is 250 days from 1/2/08. It would meet the promised 2/1/2009 deadline. 3. 0. 2. (Q#2) What options are available to meet this new deadline if the project is resource constrained? (1 pt. ) If the project is resource constrained, then the finish date will be 2/18/09, since there was an additional 40 days added to the project duration.Additional personnel should be added in order to meet the desired new deadline. 3. 1   Dewey Martin, director of product development, has managed to make the following personnel available to work on specific activities on the project. Since there is an acute shortage of personnel at ARC he requests that you only use addit ional manpower that will help meet the new deadline. Your objective is to develop a schedule which will satisfy the deadline with minimum additional resource usage. The available personnel and impact on activity duration are presented in Table A2. . 3. 1. 1   Based upon your Part 2 MS Project file, XYEM660ZumaP2. mpp, assign additional personnel as needed to complete the project before Feb. 1, 2009, but minimize the cost. 3. 1. 2   Develop a schedule that meets the time and resource allocation constraints. [You cannot go back and re-level resources. These new resources are only available for the stated specific tasks according to the schedule created at the end of Part 2. ] 3. 1. 3   Save and submit your MS Project file with a filename starting with your initials, such as XY EM660ZumaP3. mpp. (12 pts. ) 3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Answer the questions below in your project word file, XYEM660ZumaPB. doc: 3. 2. 1 (Q#3) What is the new project complete date after assigning additional per sonnel? (1 pt. ) After additional personnel were added, the new project duration is 281. 67 days. 3. 2. 2   (Q#4) Which additional personnel assignments would you choose to complete the project before February 1st deadline at the cheapest cost? (Q#5) Explain your choices. Also, (Q#6) explain the reasons for not choosing specific options. (3 pts. ) 3. 2. 3  Ã‚   (Q#7) How have these changes affected the sensitivity of the network? 1 pt. ) 3. 2. 4 (Q#8) What is the amount range for the slack on non-critical activities? (1 pt. ) Part 4 (13 pts. ) 4. 0 Robin Lane and top management have approved the schedule generated at the end of Part 3. Save the file containing this schedule as a baseline schedule starting with your initials as XYEM660ZumaP4. mpp. (5 pts. ) 4. 1 Answer the questions below in your project word file, XYEM660ZumaPB. doc: 4. 1. 1. (Q#1) How much is the project estimated to cost? (1 pt. ) 4. 1. 2. (Q#2) What activity is estimated to cost the most to complete? (1 pt. ) 4. 1. 3. Q#3) What resource commands the greatest total cost? (1 pt. ) 4. 1. 4. (Q#4) During which month of the project are the highest and lowest costs expected to occur? What are those costs? (1 pt. ) 4. 1. 5. (Q#5) What likely costs are not contained in this budget? Include a table containing the estimated costs for each activity and a cash flow schedule for each month of the project. (4 pts. ) Part 5 (14 pts. ) 5. 0 Today’s date is August 16, 2008. Table A2. 8 summarizes the information regarding activities accomplished to date. Robin Lane has requested a written status report for the Blue Zuma project.Enter August 15 as the status report date since you are preparing your report on the 16th. Save your project file as XYEM660ZumaP5. mpp (5 pts. ) 5. 1. Your status report should include a table containing the PV, EV, AC, BAC, EAC, SV, CV, and CPI for each activity and the whole project. The report (see example report on p. 474) should also address the following questions. Save your report as XYEM660ZumaReport. doc (8 pts. ) a. How is the project progressing in terms of cost and schedule? (1 pt. ) b. What activities have gone well? What activities have not gone well? 1 pt. ) c. What do the PCIB and PCIC indicate in terms of how much of the project has been accomplished to date? (1 pt. ) d. What is the forecasted cost at completion (EACf)? (1 pt. ) What is the predicted VACf? (1 pt. ) e. Report and interpret the TCPI for the project at this point in time. (1 pt. ) f. What is the estimated date of completion? (1 pt. ) g. How well is the project doing in terms of its priorities? (1 pt. ) Try to present the above information in a form worthy of consideration by top management. Include a tracking Gantt chart with your report. 5. 2.While preparing your report you receive a phone call from Jim Keltner, a fellow project manager. He is calling to see if one of the industrial engineers assigned to your project would be available to work on his project from Augu st 22 to 27, 2008. What would you tell him? Save your file as XYEM660ZumaPB. doc. (1 pt. ) Part 6 (19 pts. ) 6. 0   Robin Lane has authorized using Management Reserves to expedite the shipping of components at an additional cost of $50,000. She has asked you to update completion and cost estimates for the Blue Zuma project. Table A2. 9 presents the revised estimates generated by the Blue Zuma project team.Save and submit your MS Project file with a filename starting with your initials, such as XYEM660ZumaP6. mpp. (12 pts. ) 6. 1   Based on the new information, answer the questions below in your project word file, XYEM660ZumaPB. doc (7 pts. ): 6. 1. 1   (Q#16) When will the project be completed? (Q#17) How does this compare with the baseline completion date? (2 pts. ) 6. 1. 2   (Q#18) What is the new estimated cost at completion (EAC)? (Q#19) What is the new VAC? (Q#20) How does this compare with VAC based on the FAC generated in Part 5? (Q#21) Which of the two VACs would you have the greatest confidence in and (Q#22)why? (5 pts. ) Related article: Conveyor Belt Project

The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas And The Lottery Analysis

Many people possess a naturally healthy tendency to see faces in randomness. This phenomenon, known as pareidolia, is the idea that humans are prone to find patterns in chaos. Similarly, as curious creatures, we strive to develop a guide in a life of uncertainty. An inherent aspect of human nature is the desire to establish a purpose for every action and a creed for existence. In addition, we remind ourselves of the flaws that we must abstain from. Such reminders are often found in religions such as Christianity and Hinduism and dystopian literature. Ursula Le†¦show more content†¦Dystopian societies starkly resemble our own. They emphasize the idea that if preventive measures are not taken now, there will be turmoil later. They serve as a reminder t hat if the weakness and passions of man are pursued, disorder will be fostered. Ursula Le Guin’s dystopian city of Omelas pursues human weaknesses in which exploitation, greed, and selfishness are the foundations of the story. Le Guin describes the citizens of Omelas celebrating guiltlessly during the Summer Festival as they indulge in religiously undesirable activities. As they roam freely without a cautionary behavioral boundary, they exhibit the chaos and a lack of control that could result from devotional irresponsibility: â€Å"If an orgy would help, dont hesitate...Surely the beautiful nudes can just wander about, offering themselves like divine souffles to the hunger of the needy and the rapture of the flesh† (Le Guin 2). Along with promiscuity, Le Guin also implies an influence of drugs, â€Å"drooz†, in the citizensâ€℠¢ daily lives. The Omelasian society displays an absence of structure and form.Show MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis : The Bible 1735 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Analysis Paper The bible portrays Jesus our lord and savior as one who commits no crime and breaks no law yet suffers a horrendous torture in the name of love and gratitude for all of humanity. In similar ways both The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas and The Lottery relate to the Christian faith which is based on the presumption that one person can free the rest from anarchy and hell. All three of these human sacrificing ritualistic ideals conform to the system which kills or tortures one personRead MoreThemes Of `` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson And The Ones Who Walk Away From 1861-18651553 Words   |  7 Pagespaper. The theme of equality is present throughout many of the dystopian short stories, novels, poems and films we have studied in class. The three stories I feel this theme is most present in are â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut and â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas† by Ursula Le Guin. In these stories society tries to make everything orderly and just. Their methods to promote equality are flawed. The goal in these stories is to perfect society but in each story

Blanche Devereaux Character Analysis - 2911 Words

Running head: BLANCHE DEVEREAUX: ACCORDING TO FREUD This paper will be an analysis of the personality of Blanche Elizabeth Devereaux from the show titled â€Å"The Golden Girls.† In this paper Blanche will be analyzed from two points of view. The first analysis will be from the view of psychodynamics using Freud’s ideas on personality. For this analysis I will begin with the structure of Blanche’s personality in regards to the Id, which is the aspect of personality that deals with the instincts, the Ego, which is the rational aspect of the personality, and the Superego, which is the moral aspect of personality. The second analysis will be from the perspective of Abraham Maslow; I will use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and his†¦show more content†¦Blanche seems to be flooding her Ego with too much anxiety. The anxiety she has is caused by her insecurities. She’s insecure about herself because often she feels that even if she were to stick with one of the men they wouldn’t want her after awhile. Blanche has both neurotic and moral anxieties. On the neurotic side, she feels as if her instincts (for sex) will get out of control and make her crazy. She often feels like sex has taken over her life and that’s she’s become dependent on it. She knows that it isn’t good for her but feels like she has no other options. On the moral side, she fears that she’s going against her husbands wishes when she sleeps with all the men. Blanche’s ego is overwhelmed and she often uses the defense mechanism of rationalization to help that. She often tries to turn situations into to ones that are more acceptable. For example, on one show after she slept with a man who hadn’t had sex in awhile she made herself feel better by claiming that â€Å"he needed it† and that she did him a favor. On another show she says that she collects lingerie because one day she can pass it all down to other women who may need it. Blanche also seems to use the id entification technique in order to reduce anxieties. She attaches herself to the idea of men and sex in order to increase her self-esteem and her self-worth. Blanche also uses the technique of regression. She lies about her age to everyone she meets. She even lies about her age to the

Persuasive Speech Essay - 1515 Words

As the man open the door, the princess yelled, â€Å"Stop!†. This made the audience turn away from her lover and to the princess, who stood up from her throne. Her father, the semi-barbaric king was stunted. His daughter had never interrupted the trials that he has held before. Nor had she disobey him since she was a child. He couldn’t understand why she would yell stop in the middle of the trial. Although, the man that was held for trial is her lover and they were in love for many months now. The king could not comprehend the situation at hand. But at the same time, the king was furious. There is an audience that needs to be entertained and she yelled stop. Who was she to yell stop and disrupt the king’s orders? While the king was mad, the†¦show more content†¦He was bewildered by her sudden change in attitude. Nevertheless, he looked at the audience and knew that they were getting irritated by the way the trial was occurring.The king realizes he needed to stop stalling time and continue the trial even though the princess might be plotting against him. â€Å"Continue the trial now, peasant.† the king ordered the princess’s lover. However, the young man was too frightened to move. He looked at his lover for help. His lover was now secretly pointing to the left gate. Behind the left gate was the women. But he was complexed by the sudden change in the gate. He couldn’t understand why she was now pointing to the gate on the left. He wanted to trust her and open left gate. Yet, he was scared to. What if she trying to let him get killed the tiger instead of marrying another woman whom he doesn’t know? The commoner knew he had to choose fast or the king will kill him right now. He tried to think faster until he came to a conclusion. The conclusion was to go to the left gate. Although, he doesn’t know what will happen to his life. He decided that if his lover decided to have him killed by a tiger, he wil l accept her choice. Why might people ask? It is because he loves her enough to know that she is semi-barbaric like her father but he also knows that she loves him too. So even if he were to be killed by a tiger, she would still love him after he is killed. With that in mind, he walked confidently to the left gateShow MoreRelatedEssay on Persuasive Speech822 Words   |  4 PagesAshley Buckner Persuasive Speech COMM210D 4/20/12 Why should you smile? I. Imagine: you wake up in the morning. You get ready and grab a cup of coffee. Then, you walk out the door, seeing many faces as you make your way to work, and walk up to your building. When you walk inside expecting to be greeted by many more positive faces, you see none, and so you walk over and sit down at your desk. While thinking back on your morning to work you were realizing that there was not a moment ofRead MorePersuasive Speech Essay1263 Words   |  6 PagesLike most Americans and members of the global community, I ve had the luxury to process the recent events of Charlottesville from a distance. Saturday s peaceful march by demonstrators against white racist and supremacist groups, who gathered to march against the removal of Confederate monuments, turned deadly. I ve been asked to share my thoughts of the tragic outcome we ve seen, as well as to offer steps that people of influence, especially those in leadership, can take to advance our nationRead MorePersuasive Sp eech Essay1059 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I don’t belong here.† Lucy cried. â€Å"What is my purpose?† A few months earlier, Lucy is a very gifted girl. She has red rough hair, light blue eyes, and a big beautiful smile. Lucy is always sent from home to home because her parents died in a car crash when she was 5. She’s always getting bullied for how she dresses. Lucy has one thing to keep her calm, and that is art. Lucy loves art. She feels that it helps her express her emotions. The only person she can go to is Mrs.Ronald (the art teacher)Read MorePersuasive Speech Essays1052 Words   |  5 PagesPersuasive Speech Introduction a. Attention Getter : When people ask me why I joined the military I think of all the reason that I did it for, but I think Toby Keith sums it up the best : â€Å" cause freedom don’t come free.† b. Topic : Freedoms come with a great cost but yet we still do not care for our veterans well enough c. Preview: Today I will tell you how veterans suffer from Post traumatic stress disorder or PTSD and cant get help, how veterans are homeless and why they areRead MorePersuasive Speech Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH GENERAL PURPOSE: To persuade the audience that pit bulls are nice loving dogs. SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To persuade the audience that pit bulls are not naturally dangerous. CENTRAL IDEA: Pit bulls are just like any other dog. It depends on how a pit bull or any other breed of dog is nurtured to determine the characteristics of the dog. Pit bulls are very loving and obedient INTRODUCTION I. Do you have a dog? Does anyone have a pit bull? Well I happy to say that IRead MorePersuasive Speech Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesBruno Chavez Persuasive Speech General Purpose: To Persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade people to support David Beckham’s soccer team in Miami Central Idea: Miami is a city where soccer has a lot to grow and will impact Miami. INTRODUCTION GAIN ATTENTION: Identify the problem Attention-Getter: Soccer is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries, making it the worlds number one sport. . Preview: To persuade my audience to support soccer in Miami. 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Hook: Did you know that texting while driving is now one of the most popular distractions that take a driver’s eyes off the road? C. Link to audience: Imagine that someone in your family, your mom, dad, or sibling were to be killed by a driver who was sending a text message. Was that text worth losing someone you love? D. Thesis statement: Today I will persuade you into

Mrs. Akimoto

Questions: 1. Identify (8) eight important assessments and/or forms you should perform and/or fill out as part of the admission. (This is to exclude name, age, and address.) 2. Discuss the cultural and religious considerations that may be relevant when caring for Mrs Akimoto. 3. In your health assessment of Mrs Akimoto, name four (4) physiological things do you need to assess for each of the following areas: Respiration Pulse Neurological status 4. Identify four (4) hazards/risks in the operating theatre to the patient and/or staff. Answers: (1). Assessment of a patient while admission, means continuous and systematic way of documentation, validation, organization and collection of patients medical data. In assessment one particular form will be filled with main complaint, medical diagnosis, and date and time of the admission. Then the source of the information will be documented. The allotted staff will note down the past medical history with hospitalization and major illness of Mrs. Akimoto. Her vital signs, like, weight, height, respiration, pulse, temperature will be measured along with pressure injury assessment, current medication and BSL (Hockenberry Wilson, 2014). The severity and the location of her pain will be measured through the pain scale. The staff will note down about her allergic tendency and the reason behind that tendency. The valuable things with Mrs. Akimoto will be also listed while admitting. (2). To treat Mrs. Akimoto, the nurse has to remember about her cultural consideration. Mrs. Akimoto can show better response when the caregiver will approach in her cultural way. The main considerable cultural issues are communication and way of expression. Mrs. Akimoto is Japanese and she cannot talk much English. So, the nurse has to keep that in mind. To make her treatment more fluent it is necessary to involve Japanese nurse or Japanese translator (Huber, 2013). She will feel comfortable with her medication in this process. Mrs. Akimoto is also a follower of Buddhism. She believes to live the life right and in reincarnation. There are also religious considerations while caring Mrs. Akimoto. The nurse has to focus on her religious perceptions about her hospitalization and illness. The nurse has to make her comfortable so that she can share her religious view (Lehne Rosenthal, 2014). As it is mentioned that she is Buddhist, so, it can be predicted that she will be peaceful. Her care plan will emphasize on her daily living habits, modesty, dress, dietary rules. (3). Respiration: The four physiological things which will be observed in respiration are, blood pressure, haemoglobin-oxygen saturation including pulse oximetry and SpO2, heart rate and respiratory rate. Pulse: The pulse test is associated with the cardiovascular issues. Here, Mrs. Akimoto is already a patient of Type 1 diabetes. So, first of all the cardio vascular complexities associated with Type 1 diabetes will be checked. Venous and arterial pulsations in jugular venous pulse in the neck will be assessed (Perry et al., 2014). Then systematic examination will be performed through the palpatingin femoral, carotid, brachial, and other distal and turn radial pulses. Neurological status: The four physiological things which will be observed in this case are, testing of mental status, reflexes, muscle bulk, tone, strength and Cranial Nerves testing, vision impairment and state of retinal blood vessels and pupil check. Later general assessments will be done like observing cyanosis, breathlessness, anxiety,. (4). In an operation theater certain factors are appeared which become hazardous for both of the patient and the staff. Certain four factors are described below (You et al., 2013): The patients can be at risk due to injury after improper operation, wrong patient with identical names, fall from OT table, faulty operative procedures. In the operation theatre, sometimes in the middle of the operation, patients can get back their senses. So, the patients can feel the pain o the operation. The patient enters into trauma due to this. The staff members also can be at risk inside the operation theatre. Those risk factors are fall and slip on wet floor, pain due to long hour of handling the patient or standing on the floor, needle prick, cuts from blades. Another accident, which put the staffs in risk, is the sudden electricity fault inside the theatre. References: Ball, J. E., Murrells, T., Rafferty, A. M., Morrow, E., Griffiths, P. (2013). Care left undoneduring nursing shifts: associations with workload and perceived quality of care. BMJ quality safety, bmjqs-2012. Davidson, M. C., London, M. L., Ladewig, P. W. (2015). Olds' maternal-newborn nursing women's health across the lifespan. Prentice Hall. Dubois, C. A., D'amour, D., Tchouaket, E., Clarke, S., Rivard, M., Blais, R. (2013). Associations of patient safety outcomes with models of nursing care organization at unit level in hospitals. International journal for quality in health care, 25(2), 110-117. Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D. (2014). Wong's nursing care of infants and children. Elsevier Health Sciences. Huber, D. (2013). Leadership and nursing care management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Ignatavicius, D. D., Workman, M. L. (2015). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care. Elsevier Health Sciences. Kitson, A., Marshall, A., Bassett, K., Zeitz, K. (2013). What are the core elements of patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ centred care? A narrative review and synthesis of the literature from health policy, medicine and nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(1), 4-15. Lehne, R. A., Rosenthal, L. (2014). Pharmacology for nursing care. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Zonation On A Rocky Shore Essays - Fucales, Fucus Serratus, Fucus

Zonation On A Rocky Shore Zonation Coursework Conclusion: The seashore is a habitat that contains a wide range of microhabitats and ecological niches for different creatures. This is mainly due to the effects of the tides, that rise and fall twice each day. Tides are the vertical movement of water in a periodical oscillation of the sea, due to the gravitational pull of the sun and moon. The tides are on a semi-diurnal cycle, so there are two high tides and two low tides each day. Due to the orbit of the moon, the tides also have a monthly cycle. This creates neap (very low) and spring (very high) tides. The seashore can be divided into several zones, which are illustrated on the diagram below: Key: EHWS = Extreme High Water Spring (MHWS = Mean High Water Spring) MHWN = Mean High Water Neap (MTL = Mid Tide Level) MLWN = Mean Low Water Neap ELWS = Extreme Low Water Spring (MLWS = Mean Low Water Spring) CD = Chart datum The Supralittoral Zone: This is the highest zone on the shore, and lies above the EHWS mark, and therefore is never covered by seawater. However, it may be occasionally be spray wetted. Because of this, it is mainly inhabited by terrestrial species, such as lichen, that can live in areas of very high salinity. The Littoral (Intertidal) Zone: This zone is the area that is covered and uncovered by the tides, and therefore organisms that live here must be able to tolerate a large range of conditions. It can be further divided into the Littoral Fringe and the Eulittoral zone. The Littoral Fringe (Splash Zone): This part of the Littoral zone lies above the area that is completely submerged by the sea in normal conditions. However, it is frequently covered by splash from waves, and so is far more marine in character that the Supralittoral Zone. Lichens still dominate this zone, but some species of periwinkles and topshells may graze them. The Eulittoral Zone: This zone is the area of the beach that is regularly submerged by the tides, and can be divided into three more zones, the upper, middle and lower shores. It shows the greatest species diversity of any of the zones. The Upper Shore: This region of the shore lies between the EHWS and MHWN marks, and so is only immersed during spring tides. Because of this, organisms that live here must be adapted to survive long periods of desiccation. The two seaweeds that are the most common here, Fucus spiralis and Pelvetia canaliculata have adaptations to survive in this area. The Middle Shore: This region of the shore lies between the MHWN and MLWN marks, and will be submerged for half of every day, even during neap tides. The most common seaweed in this zone Fucus vesiculosus. Mussel beds will form and both limpets and periwinkles will graze the rocks. Sea anemones and crabs are residents of this zone. The Lower Shore: This region of the shore lies between the MLWN and ELWS marks, and will be submerged for most of each day, even during neap tides. The most important seaweed in this area is Fucus serratus, which will form large zones wherever suitable. It shows the greatest species diversity of any zone on the seashore. The Sublittoral Zone: This part of the shore lies below the ELWS mark, and is therefore never uncovered by the sea. There are many types of organism found on the rocky shore. The two main photosynthetic organisms are the lichens and the macroalgae or seaweeds. Lichen are the main organisms found in the splash zone and come in three distinct types; crustose, foliose and fruiticose. Crustose lichens form a thin crust on the rock surface, and are impossible to remove without damage. Foliose lichens are leafy lichens that are not as firmly attached to the rocks. Fruiticose lichens extent vertically from the rock surface, and can sometimes be confused with mosses and small grasses. The leafy part of a lichen is known as the thallus. Seaweeds are primarily divided by colour, into brown, red and green groups. Most marine seaweeds are brown seaweeds, with fewer red species, and even fewer green species. The three main parts of a seaweed are: 1. Frond (lamina, thallus, blade) (often broad and flat) 2. Stipe region (often long and cylindrical) 3. Basal attachment (holdfast) The frond or thallus is